人口过快增长
everything grows in modern times, and it seems that nothing grows as quickly as population. population keeps growing, and grows rapidly, firstly because peoples living standards keep going up, with better houses, better clothing, better food, secondly because people know how to preserve themselves so as to live longer, and thirdly
because they have modern medicine and medical care to ensure that usual diseases can be easily cured. there is another cause for the growth of population. few countries or governments have realised the importance of family planning. on the contrary, some encourage child-birth.
here are some examples of population growth from 1985 to xx (as anticipated).
lima had 5.7 million people in 1985 but there were 9.1 million by xx. tianjin used to have 7. 9 million in 1985. by xx its population reached 9. 7 million. such cities as london, osaka, moscow, beijing, karachi, delhi, jakarta, seoul, and teheran are having a similar population growth. we would not be shocked if all other cities have this rate. but some cities, like calcutta, shanghai, new york, and sto paulo boost their population even more quickly than the above-mentioned cities. tokyo had 18.8 million in 1985. the year xx found 20.2 million tokyo citizens. mexico city had 17.3 million people in 1985, but as population specialists had predicted, that reached 25.8 million in xx !
the population problem is a universal concern nowadays. any government is a failure if it does nothing about its population growth.
人口老龄化加剧
人口问题是当今世界人们最为关心的问题之一。人口的发展受社会、政治、经济的制约，同时它对社会的发展也起着促进或延缓的作用。经过30年的努力，我国在人口控制的问题上取得了卓效可喜的成绩。根据国家统计局近期的统计，在计划生育政策实施后，我国人口总和生育率从20世纪70年代初的5.8%下降到现在1.8%左右，这种生育率的下降让我国13亿人口日到来推迟了整整4年。从另一方面来看，随着生育率的下降，人口的发展也使得人口老龄化问题尤为突出。
人口老龄化是指某一人口中老年人口的比重增加，总人口年龄结构发生变化的过程。按国际通用标准，60岁人口占总人口的10%以上，或65岁以上人口占总人口的7%以上，便可以称为老龄化社会。美国《纽约时报》指出，我国的老龄化速度太快，从而飞速经过了这个原来西方社会可以建立起一个中产阶级的时间段。联合国的统计数据也表明，我国的老龄化速度是全球最快的。根据我国老龄协会提供的数据，我国老龄高峰将于2030年左右到来，并持续20余年。到2l世纪中期，60岁及以上的老年人可能超过4亿，65岁及以上的老年人则会达到3亿左右。我国人口的老龄化不仅速度是全球最快的，而且这种人口老化趋势也超过了国家经济社会的现代化的发展速度。我国社会的人口是在经济高速发展阶段，人均收入水平低、综合国力不强、社会保障体系不健全的前提下进入老龄化的。这种情况与发达国家老龄化是截然相反的，发达国家的人口老龄化工业化完成之后经济达到高度的发展水平之下才出现。此外，我国人口老龄化还存在着区域失衡的特点。我国各地区老龄化程度自西向东呈阶梯上升，地区间差距较大。东部沿海地区65岁以上老年人口比例已超过8%，其中上海达就到11.46%。而西部地区老年人口比例均在5%以下，部分地区仍是典型的年轻型人口结构。老龄化程度的差异，进一步加剧了地区经济发展的不平衡。因此，老龄化的问题不仅仅是一个人口问题，同时它也成为了制约经济社会发展的问题。
那么，13亿人口大国的养老问题该如何应对？目前，国家有关部门以及众多人口学学者都提出通过完善社会养老保障体制来缓解这股银色浪潮的汹汹来势。但是，我国的社会养老保障体制却面临着资金严重短缺、体制不健全等问题。根据麦肯锡咨询公司预测，我国养老保障的短缺金额到xx年将达1 100亿美元，而未来30年内将会出现3.7万亿的资金缺口。美国战略与国际问题研究中心在研究报告《银发中国中国养老政策的人口和经济分析》中指出，即使在我国的城市也有近一半的劳动力人口享受不到公共养老体系的保障。全国职工有近3/4的人没有任何退休保障。报告还指出，目前我国的社会养老基金的运作是拆东墙补西墙的现收现付制，即是用现在工人的税来养活目前的退休人员，不做任何基金积累。虽然，目前我国正努力促使现收现付制向基金积累制转换，但是由于各种原因，养老基金仍然存在巨大的收支缺口。到xx年，我国全国养老保险欠费达到了450多亿元，在全国范围内，许多省市都面临着养老保险收不抵支的情况，甚至是积累亏空。加之农村养老问题也日益提高到政策议程上来，我国的养老保障制度面临着艰巨的挑战。
人口增长对野生动物的影响
from these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that, with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in america, and some species have even vanished from our planet.
why does this phenomenon appear? there are several possible reasons for this. above all, as the human population grows rapidly, a growing number of people came to live where some wild species have been living. then these species have to move to other places. some of them probably can not adapt to the new environment and die. in addition, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. they catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. even worse/more importantly, as the result /consequence of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. the clear cutting has become increasingly serious. so some of the wildlife become homeless and extinct.
in order to protect the wildlife, i have some suggestions. first, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. second, the governments should educate people to love nature and protect it. third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment.
